往年9月雅思考试预测（内涵备考建议）

以下是关于往年9月雅思考试预测（内涵备考建议）的介绍

　　给各位小烤鸭说个恐怖故事：

　　换题季来了！

　　抢考位不易，且考且珍惜。哪怕是换题季，也要硬着头皮准备——

　　毕竟，2170的考试费不允许我们退缩！

　　小烤鸭们还不赶快看看这份9月雅思预测，临时抱抱佛脚？

　　01

　　口语 Speaking

　　由于9月将迎来一波换题，不少烤鸭会错误地认为准备口语没有用。NONONO！！

　　每次雅思官方进行题库更新，会换掉大约30%~40%的旧题，并加入等量新话题。也就是说，5-8月的题库大部分依然会在9月碰到！

　　9月考试的小烤鸭们，建议按照5-8月题库先行准备，等待9月小编更新刚刚题库，到时候再准备更换的部分题目即可~

　　千万不要放弃治疗！

　　02

　　听力 Listening

　　往年8月听力重点为大家整理出了20篇复习题目，针对大陆考区，P1,P4以填空题为主，P2,P3以选择题为主。考察的答案词汇已为大家整理出词汇表并附音频。

　　复习建议步骤如下：

　　1. 大家可以先过题目内容，了解考察的话题。

　　2. 熟记题干和答案单词并进行整理背诵

　　3. 听录音纠正单词表单词发音并背诵单词

　　4. 不暂停录音进行单词听写（暂不用写中文）

　　5. 有高分要求的同学可以同时掌握单词中文

　　Part1 预测重点（5篇）

　　打电话要求家庭打扫服务

　　野炊用具租赁和购买

　　滑冰会员咨询

　　音乐节活动介绍

　　小镇居住情况介绍

　　Part 1

　　主题提示：打电话要求家庭打扫服务

　　House Cleaning Service

　　1-4) completions

　　1. Location: southeast London

　　2. Room types: Two double room

　　3. The other room was used as a(an) office

　　4. Downstairs: kitchen, conservatory, and lounge

　　5-7) multiple choices

　　5. Which of these extra services does the agent agree to do?

　　A. change the bed linen

　　B. do some gardening work

　　C. clean the window glass

　　6. What does the customer want to clean every three months?

　　A. curtains

　　B. carpets

　　C. mats

　　7. What does the customer want to be done with the clothe?

　　A. washed and ironed them

　　B. ironed them

　　C. cleaned and ironed them

　　8-10)

　　8. Address: Amyes Street

　　9. Clean Service Date available: Thursday

　　10. The longest working booking of : 3 hours/each time

　　Part 1

　　主题提示：野炊用具租赁和购买

　　Rent and buy barbecue tools

　　1-6) Table fillings

　　7-10) Gap fillings

　　1. The man bought a gas tank of 15 kilograms size

　　2. Charcoal is produced from specially managed forests

　　3. The company is interested in helping traditional industry

　　4. Incorrect or damaged goods can be returned or refunded.

　　Part 1

　　主题提示：滑冰会员咨询

　　In order to consult some information about the registration of skiing for her son and nephew, Mum made a call to the skiing center.

　　1-5) Completions

　　1. the exact address: next to a garage

　　2. Park car in the West Park, as the north is only for staff.

　　3. The Closing Time for the center is till midnight in December

　　4. Hotel provides special drink, including hot chocolate

　　5. There is a variety of food for children, and then Mum asked whether there is pizza available.

　　6-10) Table Fillings

　　Part 1

　　主题提示：音乐节活动介绍

　　Musical Festival

　　1-6) Table fillings

　　7-10) Completions

　　1. Activities end by 10:15 p.m

　　2. Not enough parking this year

　　3. The festival’s web address in : www.events.com

　　4. People receive feedback online

　　Part 1

　　主题提示：小镇居住情况介绍

　　Living in a small town

　　1-10) Completions

　　1. The name of the suburb: Hollbrook

　　2. The special program is only for the senior citizens

　　3. 题干的答案缺失

　　4. Recommend drama type: history

　　5. Good for *** is popular with teenagers

　　6. And the most welcomed movie is horror

　　7. The upper limit of the age:22

　　8. 题干的答案缺失

　　9. There is a parking area, in this neighborhood

　　10. 题干的答案缺失

　　Part2 预测重点（5篇）

　　地产经纪人介绍出售的连房屋

　　美术馆

　　学生旅游

　　男生假期找兼职

　　介绍一个校园的map，是给新生介绍校园和宿舍

　　Part 2

　　主题提示：房产中介介绍待售房屋

　　11-13) Multiple Choice

　　11-12. Why does she buy the house? (two advantages?)

　　A good location

　　B unusual design

　　C low price

　　D newly decorated

　　E suitable for family with children

　　13. When could the girl visit the house?

　　A Wednesday lunches

　　B every afternoon

　　C all weekends

　　14-16) Map Completing

　　14. living room

　　15. bathroom

　　16. spare room

　　17-20) Table Completing

　　Part 2

　　主题提示：美术馆介绍

　　11-15) Multiple Choice

　　11. The first Exhibit was bought by

　　A the queen

　　B the state government

　　C a businessman

　　12. The feature of the museum can be seen in its

　　A quality

　　B variety

　　C unique oil paintings

　　13. The building Drake Wing is

　　A a collection of interesting oil paintings

　　B a part of the new building

　　C latest collection of paintings

　　14. The guided tour can be

　　A no extra charge/fee

　　B three times a day

　　C after your donation

　　15. The museum closes later at the once a week, the time is

　　A 6 pm Wednesday

　　B 9 pm Thursday

　　C 暂缺

　　16-18) Completing

　　16. Museum-A’s collection is by law court river, near the harbour.

　　17. material used in building the Victoria Museum floors is recycled.

　　18. On the museum top floor, you can see the collected works from local artists in exhibition.

　　19-20) Multiple Choice

　　19. How to get to the spot near the law court?

　　A by No. 21 bus

　　B by the river ta

　　C by ta or buses

　　20. In 1950s, the museum was used as

　　A warehouse

　　B 暂缺

　　B 暂缺

　　Part 2

　　主题提示：学生旅游项目介绍

　　11-14) Completing

　　11. Everyone needs to bring his/her student card to get discount.

　　12. Gathering time: meet at 9.50 am and take buses of 10.10 am.

　　13. Total trip on the road is of 75 minutes.

　　14. pick up from the station to hotel by ta.

　　15-20) Multiple Choice

　　15-16. What additional services can the hotel provide?

　　A 暂缺

　　B special diet in breakfast

　　C radio

　　D non-smoking room

　　E 暂缺

　　17. On Saturday afternoon activity, students will

　　A learn about British ancient life

　　B join a project about ancestors

　　C study the archaeology

　　18. Saturday evening activity includes

　　A going around an old house

　　B watching a firework show

　　C listening to a musical performance

　　19. Sunday morning’s activity is

　　A visiting a bookshop

　　B going around a house

　　C going on a trip on old train

　　20. On Sunday afternoon, they will

　　A 暂缺

　　B attend a local event

　　C 暂缺

　　Part 2

　　主题：男生Peter假期找兼职

　　11-16) Completing

　　17-20) Multiple Choices

　　17 Where does he get the information about the work at zoo?

　　A from one of his friends

　　B from the internet

　　C from student job centre

　　18 What did Peter think about his job?

　　A interesting

　　B challenging

　　C unusual

　　19 What part of job makes Peter think it is interesting?

　　A working with children

　　B caring about animals

　　C getting a lot knowledge about environment

　　20 What will he do in the next term?

　　A do the same job

　　B do a job in somewhere

　　C do not work

　　Part 2

　　主题：给新生的校园介绍

　　11-15) Map Matching

　　11. a student service unit-B

　　12. health unit/centre-D

　　13. student centre-F

　　14. international unit-A

　　15. accommodation office-E

　　16-20) Completion

　　16. Every room has its own shower.

　　17. Most food containers have students’ name on them.

　　18. When you entered the dorm building, a security code is needed to go in hostel.

　　19. Laundry facilities situated in basement of the hostel.

　　20. All TV, radio. etc should be turn off after 11.30 pm.

　　Part3 预测重点（5篇）

　　公司研发创兴专利流程

　　Alex工厂实习的评价反馈

　　关于达芬奇的古画鉴定研究

　　学生之间的互相评价

　　石油开采

　　Part 3

　　主题提示：公司研发创新专利流程的

　　Company's patent application

　　21-26) Matching

　　选项字母not 100%正确， 内容正确

　　21 Copyright - F automatically create awarded~

　　22 Patent draft - D help from external expert

　　23 Trademark - B increase confidence of company's product

　　24 Design - G used by telecommunication company

　　25 Circuit - C can not be used oversea

　　26 Company trade secrets - A sign a special contract

　　27-30) Matching

　　选项字母not 100%正确， 内容正确

　　A business managers

　　B License manages

　　C research manager

　　D project leader

　　E patent manager

　　F delivery office

　　G external expert

　　H internal coordinator

　　commercial committee

　　27-30) flowchart流程图

　　选项字母not 100%正确， 内容正确

　　27第1步：D 项目经理制定初稿，研究

　　28第2步：I ***会审核修改和更正：

　　29第3步：F 传递员收集并发给商务总经理

　　30第4步：***那一步：A 商务总经理评估

　　Part 3

　　主题提示: Alex 工厂实习的评价反馈

　　The main job tasks for man named Alex during the internship of a company， the comments from the boss and self reflection.

　　21-26) Matching

　　A frustrated B challenging C enjoyable D easy

　　21 hotel accommodation booking B

　　22 catering ordering food? D

　　23 tour on company premises(visiting all the places in the company) ：B

　　24 leisure activities C

　　25 airport transfer：D

　　26 PC information technology problem A

　　27-30 Multiple Choice

　　27-28 What does the boss think of ALEX?

　　A intelligent

　　B Good at Organization,

　　C Good proposal of recommendations

　　D Need More training，

　　29-30 What area does ALEX think should be improved?

　　plan phone calls

　　be more decisive

　　speaking French

　　working to deadine

　　Part 3

　　主题提示： 关于达芬奇一副古画鉴定的研究Jackson Pollock's painting and an Italian guy named Sarec in i who was searching for a lost painting of Da Vinci

　　21-25) Multiple choices

　　21 why did John think Jackson Pollock's painting is fake

　　A are too easy to make fake copy

　　B his work is complex

　　C look simple and childish

　　22 why initially John think 5 pounds的画作is fake

　　A it is too cheap

　　B background featured wrong colored 颜色搭配不好

　　C lack of documentation

　　23 why international foundation reject 5磅的画作?

　　A the material applied

　　B what's on the back

　　C featured in coloring mismatched

　　24 john和Emily both agree on what

　　What现代艺术的status for modern art

　　A new method will replace the traditional method to identify painting

　　B Scientists and artists can work together to evaluate the painting

　　25-30) Matching - Flowchart流程

　　An Italian named Sarecini use scientific methods to scan the building

　　Part 3

　　主题提示： 学生之间的互相评价(peer assessment)

　　self assessment among students

　　21-24) Multiple choices

　　21 what does girls (Sally) think the other students on

　　the self assessment

　　A an approach for tutor to save time

　　B can be a very useful too

　　C valuable...

　　2 both the girls and boys(the male and female students) agreed on that

　　B increase the self-awareness among students

　　23 what if the marks are incorrect?

　　A the students have to the assignment again

　　B the tutors would re-mark it

　　C the criteria should be re-written

　　24 How the presentation (attending a conference) will be marked?

　　A both the students and the tutors judge the individual performance

　　Part 3

　　主题提示: 石油开采Sunset of oil production

　　21-25) Multiple choices

　　21根据 **magazine观点， the biggest concern to oil supply?

　　A the large amount of oil used everyday

　　B the increasing dependence on oil related products

　　C the length of time passed from the peak of oil production

　　22对于financial investor influence on the oil price

　　A money will move into another area

　　B more confident about the future

　　C financial investors should be blamed for

　　23-25) Matching(字母和原卷有差异，不可背字母)

　　26-30) Matching：每一个对应的专家的观点

　　26 Dr Lynn -- can be continued to produce oil

　　27 Dr Eric --- it is already in the oil peak

　　28 King Hubert - still have a long time to find alternative resources

　　29 Mr. D. Schewg --- impose the influence on stock market

　　30 Dr Campell - it is too late to develop the alternative energy resources

　　现在开始研发替代能源太迟了history may offer solutions

　　Part4 预测重点 （5篇）

　　非洲鳄鱼

　　英国商业连锁超市改良

　　沙漠建造一所新城

　　美洲土著建筑讲座

　　人类嗅觉的研究

　　Part 4

　　主题提示：人类嗅觉的研究

　　31-40）Completions

　　• From previous research

　　31. the animal of monkeys

　　32. can smell tiny chemical

　　33. can easily know it is chocolate

　　34. the smell of orange in a nightclub

　　35. detect fear in the man’s sweat

　　36. Not good at finding the source of a smell

　　• Reasons why smell is important

　　37. cannot be very accurate

　　38. recall the memories of childhood best

　　39. whether we are in emotion of sad

　　40. for people good at smelling spices

　　Part 4

　　主题提示：美洲土著建筑的讲座

　　Native American Architecture

　　31-40）completions

　　Part 4

　　主题提示：在沙漠建造一座新城

　　Building an ecological city in dessert

　　31-40）Completions

　　比较好部分，

　　31. orientation desert needs wind shade to cool

　　第二部分，

　　32. 可以在show consumption of electricity in a display

　　33. take a shower 时可以看到时间预测（数据为往年仅供参考）water temperature and time 消耗， 可控的

　　34. 村里的人民乘车 using electronic cars without a driver when people get around

　　35. 路两边建 glass pavement, using mirrors collect sun-successfully收集太阳能

　　36. large umbrella is shaping like a flower 保护人们防止晒伤

　　37. landscape: using ash adding into concrete with acid to the building’s exterior

　　第三部分，

　　38. there’s a park in the centre of the city

　　39. every road 之间会有a fountain for people walk

　　40. in the future, houses will have lowest carbon emission

　　Part 4

　　主题提示：英国商业连锁超市改良

　　Brimstone supermarket

　　31-40）Completions

　　31. Open more branches petrol station to increase market share in England

　　32. Reduce number of branches in Southern Scotland

　　33. They close London/Oxford 的head offices

　　34. a new brand …focus on fresh food

　　35. Over 200 staffs have to be retrained and transferred

　　36. Had a contracted manager to handle the discussion

　　37. retail store should be fleble in profit

　　38. Be more open-minded about the strategies for expansion they chose

　　39. 向谁求帮助 seek help from the partners

　　40. save cost by changing/ reducing the organizations in the department store

　　Part 4

　　主题提示：非洲鳄鱼

　　It’s about crocodile of Africa

　　31-35) Multiple choice

　　31. She doesn't believe that there is crocodile there, because she doesn't seen evidence in any document, there is no science evidence.

　　C. no scientific backup/support

　　32. The group size? A.20 B.36 C.45

　　33. here was crocodile live in? A. vegetation

　　34. Crocodiles live in caves of? C. underground

　　35. In the past, what is happened in the North America?

　　B. wetland become desert

　　36-40) Sentence completion

　　36. 8 months

　　37. the depth of

　　38. Local people do not fear crocodiles

　　39. no one has been attacked by crocodiles (no report)

　　40. This researcher still want to find more information about population size, migration patterns and relations to other population.

　　听力词汇

　　往年9月听力填空预测list

　　来自烤鸭在线

　　00:0005:10

　　03

　　阅读 Reading

　　8月份的雅思阅读考试中，文章主题集中在人文社科类，建议各位烤鸭把下表中推荐的可参考剑桥真题认真做一遍，并且进行精读，以熟悉相关话题。在线咨询

　　题型方面的一个突出重点是，8月份的考试出现了非常多的匹配题，特别是8月15号这一场考试中，出现了令人发指的30多道匹配题。这对考生们的同义替换敏感度和抓取关键信息的能力提出了非常高的要求。建议计划9月份参加雅思考试的小烤鸭，要着重加强对匹配题的复习（特别是人名匹配题和段落信息匹配题）。祝大家顺利通过考试，拿到自己想要的分数~~

　　附上本月考试中出现过的两篇文章和对应题目，供大家复习参考（大家可以着重感受一下第二篇的花式匹配题~）

　　Keep a Watchful Eye on the Bridges

　　A Most road and rail bridges are only inspected visually, if at all. Every few months, engineers have to clamber over the structure in an attempt to find problems before the bridge shows obvious signs of damage. Technologies developed at Los Alamos National Laboratory, New Meco, and Texas A&M University may replace these surveys with microwave sensors that constantly monitor the condition of bridges.

　　B “The device uses microwaves to measure the distance between the sensor and the bridge, much like radar does,” says Albert Migliori, a Los Alamos physicist “Any load on the bridge – such as traffic induces displacements, which change that distance as the bridge moves up and down.” By monitoring these movements over several minutes, the researchers can find out how the bridge resonates. Changes in its behaviour can give an early warning of damage.

　　C The Interstate 40 bridge over the Rio Grande river in Albuquerque provided the researchers with a rare opportunity to text their ideas. Chuck Farrar, an engineer at Los Alamos, explains: “The New Meco authorities decided to raze this bridge and replace it. We were able to mount instruments on it, test it under various load conditions and even inflict damage just before it was demolished.” In the 1960s and 1970s, 2500 similar bridges were built in the US. They have two steel girders supporting the load in each section. Highway experts know that this design is “fracture critical” because a failure in either girder would cause the bridge to fail.

　　D After setting up the microwave dish on the ground below the bridge, the Los Alamos team installed conventional accelerometers at several points along the span to measure its motion. They then tested the bridge while traffic roared across it and while subjecting it to pounding from a “shaker”, which delivered precise punches to a specific point on the road.

　　E “We then created damage that we hoped would simulate fatigue cracks that can occur in steel girders,” says Farrar. They first cut a slot about 60 centimetres long in the middle of one girder. They then extended the cut until it reached the bottom of the girder and finally they cut across the flange – the bottom of the girder’s “I” shape.

　　F The initial, crude analysis of the bridge’s behaviour, based on the frequency at which the bridge resonates, did not indicate that anything was wrong until the flange was damaged. But later the data were reanalysed with algorithms that took into account changes in the mode shapes of the structure – shapes that the structure takes on when excited at a particular frequency. These more sophisticated algorithms, which were developed by Norris Stubbs at Texas A&M University, successfully identified and located the damage caused by the initial cut.

　　G “When any structure vibrates, the energy is distributed throughout with some points not moving, while others vibrate strongly at various frequencies,” says Stubbs. “My algorithms use pattern recognition to detect changes in the distribution of this energy.” NASA already uses Stubbs’ method to check the behaviour of the body flap that slows space shuttles down after they land.

　　H A commercial system based on the Los Alamos hardware is now available, complete with the Stubbs algorithms, from the Quatro Corporation in Albuquerque for about $100,000. Tim Darling, another Los Alamos physicist working on the microwave interferometer with Migliori, says that as the electronics become cheaper, a microwave inspection system will eventually be applied to most large bridges in the US. “In a decade I would like to see a battery or solar-powered package mounted under each bridge, scanning it every day to detect changes,” he says.

　　Questions 1-4

　　Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.

　　Write your answers in boxes 1-4 on your answer sheet.

　　1 How did the traditional way to prevent damage of the bridges before the invention of new monitoring system

　　A Bridges has to be tested in every movement on two points.

　　B Bridges has to be closely monitored by microwave devices.

　　C Bridges has already been monitored by sensors.

　　D Bridges has to be frequently inspected by professional workers with naked eyes.

　　2 How does the new microwave monitors find out the problems of bridges

　　A by changeling the distance between the positions of devices

　　B by controlling the traffic flow on the bridges

　　C by monitoring the distance caused by traffic between two points

　　D by displacement of the several critical parts in the bridges

　　3 Why did the expert believe there is a problem for the design called “fracture critical”

　　A Engineers failed to apply the newly developed construction materials.

　　B There was not enough finance to repair the bridges.

　　C The supporting parts of the bridges may crack and cause the bridge to fail.

　　D There was bigger traffic load conditions than the designers had anticipated.

　　4 Defect was not recognized by a basic method in the beginning

　　A until the mid of faces of bridges has fractures.

　　B until the damage appears along and down to the flanges.

　　C until the points on the road have been punched.

　　D until the frequency of resonates appears disordered.

　　Questions 5-8

　　Filling the blanks in the diagram labels.

　　Write the correct answer in boxes 5-8 on your answer sheet.

　　(题目省略)

　　Questions 9-13

　　The reading Passage has eight paragraphs, A–H.

　　Which paragraph contains the following information?

　　Write the correct letter, A–H, in boxes 9–13 on your answer sheet.

　　9 how is the pressure that they have many a great chance to test bridges

　　10 a ten-year positive change for microwave device

　　11 the chance they get a honorable contract

　　12 explanation of the mechanism for the new microwave monitoring to work

　　13 how is the damage deliberately created by the researchers

　　答案：

　　History of Refrigeration

　　A The term refrigeration refers to cooling an area or substance below the environmental temperature, the process of removing heat. Mechanical refrigeration uses the evaporation of a liquid refrigerant to absorb heat. The refrigerant goes through a cycle so that it can be reused, the main cycles are; vapour-compression, absorption, steam-jet or steam-ejector, and air. Maryland farmer Thomas Moore first introduced the term Refrigerator in 1803, the appliance we know today first appeared in the 20th century.

　　B Prior to mechanical refrigeration systems, people found different ways of preserving their food. Some people preferred to use cooling systems of ice or snow found either locally or brought down from mountains and sometimes stored in cellars. Using those techniques meant that diets would have consisted of very little fresh food or fruits and vegetables, but mostly of bread, cheese and salted meats. Milk and cheeses were difficult to keep fresh, they were usually stored in a cellar or window box, but despite those methods, they could not prevent rapid spoilage. People were more than ready for a better system of preserving food.Later on, it was discovered that adding chemicals like sodium nitrate or potassium nitrate to water caused the temperature to fall. Cooling wine with this technique was first recorded in 1550, as was the term “to refrigerate”. Cooling drinks became very popular by 1600 in Europe, especially in Spain, Italy and France. Instead of cooling water at night, people used a new technique; rotating long necked bottles in water which held dissolved saltpeter. The solution was used to create very low temperatures and even to make ice. By the end of the 17th century, iced drinks including frozen juices and liquors were very popular in French society.

　　C A demand for ice soon became very strong. Consumer demand for fresh food, especially produce, led to diet reform between 1830 and the Civil War, fueled by the dramatic growth of cities and the improvement in economic status of the general populace. And as cities grew, so did the distance between the consumer and the source of the food. In 1799, ice was first shipped commercially out of Canal Street in New York City to Charleston, South Carolina. The attempt was a failure as there was very little ice left when the shipment arrived. Frederick Tudor and Nathaniel Wyeth of New England saw the great potential that ested for the ice business and revolutionized the industry with their efforts in the first half of the 1800s. Tudor, who was known as the “Ice King”, was more focused on shipping ice to tropical climates. To ensure his product would arrive safely, he experimented with different insulating materials and built icehouses that decreased melting losses from 66 percent to less than 8 percent. Wyeth developed a method of cheaply and quickly cutting uniform blocks of ice that transformed the ice industry. He made speed handling techniques in storage, transportation and distribution possible, with less waste.

　　D Eventually it became clear that the ice being scraped was not all clean and was causing health problems. It was becoming an increasingly difficult task to find clean sources of natural ice and by the 1890’s, pollution and sewage dumping had made the job seem even more impossible. The first signs were noticed in the brewing industry, and then the meat packing and dairy industries became seriously affected. Some sort of clean, mechanical refrigeration was desperately needed.

　　E Many inventive men were involved in the eventual creation of the refrigerator, through different discoveries that each built on the next. Dr. William Cullen, a Scotsman, was the first to study the evaporation of liquids in a vacuum in 1720. He later demonstrated the first known artificial refrigeration at the University of Glasgow in 1748 by letting ethyl ether boil into a partial vacuum. Olvier Evans, an American inventor, designed the first refrigeration machine to use vapor instead of liquid in 1805. Although he did not actually build it, an American physician named John Gorrie, produced one very similar to Evans’ in 1842 to cool the patients with yellow fever in a Florida hospital. His basic principle is still the most often used in refrigerators today. He found the best way to cool the air was by compressing a gas, then cooling it by sending it through radiating coils, and then expanding it to lower the temperature even more. Evans was granted the first U.S. patent for mechanical refrigeration in 1851 after giving up his medical practice to focus on his experimentation with ice making. In 1820 Michael Faraday, a Londoner, first liquefied ammonia to cause cooling. Ferdinand Carre of France developed the first ammonia/water refrigeration machine in 1859. Carl von Linde was also very influential in the creation of refrigeration. In 1873 he designed the first practical and portable compressor refrigeration machine in Munich and in 1876 he began using an ammonia cycle rather than the methyl ether he used in his earlier models. Linde later developed a new method (Linde technique) for the liquefaction of large quantities of air in 1894. The meat packing industry in Chicago was the next to adopt mechanical refrigeration nearly a decade later.

　　F Beginning in the 1840s, refrigerated cars were used to transport milk and butter. By 1860, refrigerated transport was limited to mostly seafood and dairy products. The refrigerated railroad car was patented by J.B. Sutherland of Detroit, Michigan in 1867. He designed an insulated car with ice bunkers in each end. Air came in on the top, passed through the bunkers, and circulated through the car by gravity, controlled by the use of hanging flaps that created differences in air temperature. There were different car designs based upon the type of cargo, whether meat or fruit. The first refrigerated car to carry fresh fruit was built in 1867 by Parker Earle of Illinois, who shipped strawberries on the Illinois Central Railroad. Each chest contained 100 pounds of ice and 200 quarts of strawberries. It was not until 1949 that a refrigeration system made its way into the trucking industry by way of a roof-mounted cooling device, patented by Fred Jones.

　　G Refrigerators that were built in the late 1800s to 1929 used the toc gases; methyl chloride, ammonia and sulphur diode as refrigerants. There were numerous fatal accidents that occurred in the 1920s when methyl chloride leaked out of refrigerators. After the terrible incidents, three American companies began researching less dangerous methods of refrigeration. Frigidaire discovered a new class of synthetic refrigerants called halocarbons or CFCs (chlorofluorocarbons) in 1928. That research lead to the discovery of chlorofluorocarbons (Freon), which quickly became the standard used in compressor refrigerators. Freon was safer for those nearby but was later discovered in 1973 by Prof. James Lovelock, to be harmful to the ozone layer. To prevent further damage, new developments were made, such as Hydroflouro carbons which have no known effect on the ozone layer. Chlorofluorocarbons (CFS) are no longer used; they are outlawed in several places, making refrigeration far safer today than it has ever been.

　　A1799

　　B1803

　　C1840

　　D1949

　　E1973

　　Questions 1-4

　　Use the information in the passage to match the people(listed A-E) with opinions or deeds below.

　　Write the appropriate letters A-E in boxes 1-4on your answers sheet.

　　1 Vehicles of transporting refrigerator on road

　　2 The first time ice sold around united states

　　3 Use of dangerous chemicals of refrigerator were no longer used

　　4 the term“Refrigerator"was firstly introduced in the year of

　　Questions 5-9

　　Use the information in the passage to match the people(is ted A-F) with opinions or deeds below.

　　Write the appropriate letters A-Fin boxes 5-9on your answers sheet

　　A Thomas Moore

　　B Frederick Tudor

　　C Nathaniel Wyeth

　　D J.B. Sutherland

　　E Fred Jones

　　F Parker Earle

　　5 patented that Refrigerator can be delivered by train

　　6 An Ice-cutting technical method make the transportation less wasteful

　　7 Cold storage technology is applied in fruit

　　8 Refrigerator transportation assisted by trucking industry on road

　　9 For the first time, the phrase refrigeration was introduced

　　Questions 10-13

　　Write the correct number，A-E，in boxes 10-13on your answer sheet

　　10 Consumers' demand for fresh food， especially vegetables，lead to

　　11 The development of cities resulted in

　　12 Problems fatal accidents caused by water treatment resulted in

　　13 Risk of environmental damage from refrigerator leads to

　　A new developments were made, such as Hydroflouro carbons

　　B a healthy dietary change between 1830 and the Civil War

　　C the discovery of chlorofluorocarbons(Freon)

　　D regional transport system for refrigerator over distance

　　E widespread of mechanical refrigerator

　　答案：

　　04

　　作文 Writing

　　大陆地区雅思考试8月的写作部分，大作文考察了两次环境问题。所出题目中，虽没有出现以前机经版本中的原题，但是有针对旧题的重新翻新（人类活动对动植物影响、国际扶贫），所以建议九月参考的考生接下来重点关注教育与家庭、工作、科技和城市类话题。以下为大家带来9月题目预测：

　　*****（重点准备范围）

　　>In many countries, people decide to have children at a later age of life than the past.

　　Why do you think this is?

　　Do advantages of this development outweigh disadvantages?

　　>Children today find it difficult to concentrate or pay attention to classes in schools.

　　What are the reasons?

　　What can be done to solve this problem?

　　>It is the responsibility of schools to teach children good behaviour in addition to provide formal education.

　　To what extent do you agree or disagree?

　　>A rise in living standard in a country always seems to benefit cities rather than rural areas.

　　What are the causes? What can be done to solve this?

　　>As major cities around the world are growing fast and many problems occur. What are the problems that young people live in cities are caused by continued growth? What solutions do you suggest?

　　>Nowadays people can live and work wherever they want because of the development of communication technology and transport. Do the advantages outweigh the disadvantages?

　　>Some say the purpose of education is to prepare individuals to be useful to society. Others say the purpose of education is to achieve personal ambitions.

　　Discuss both view and give your own opinion.

　　>In some countries, the widespread use of the internet has given people more freedom to work or study at home, instead of travelling to and from work or school.

　　Do advantages of this development outweigh disadvantages?

　　>Some people think that any money spent by the government in supporting artist, such as painters, musicians and writers, is better than other more important things.

　　To what extent do you agree or disagree?

　　>In recent years, the pressure on school and university students is increasing and they are pushed to work hard at very young ages.

　　Do you think this is a positive or negative development?

　　***（次重点准备范围）

　　>Some people believe that the development of modern society makes old people's life much worse, while others think their life is becoming better.

　　Discuss both views and give your opinion.

　　>Art classes like painting and drawing is important to students’ development and it should be compulsory in high school.

　　To what extent do you agree or disagree?

　　>Some people think it is more important to spend money on roads and motorways than public transport systems.

　　Do you agree or disagree?

　　>Full-time university students should spend a lot of time on studying, but it is essential to do other activities.

　　To what extent do you agree or disagree?

　　>An increasing people change their career and place of residents several times during their life.

　　Is this a positive or negative development?

　　>Too much money is spent in maintaining and repairing old buildings. Some people think that they should be knocked down and give way to the modern buildings.

　　To what extent do you agree or disagree?

　　>Many people believe that social networking sites such as facebook have had a negative impact on individuals and society.

　　To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?

　　>In many cities, planners build shops, schools, offices and homes in specific areas which may be separated from each other.

　　Do you think the advantages outweigh disadvantages?

　　>Some people think parents should read or tell stories to children. Others think they can read books and watch TV by themselves.

　　Discuss both views and give your opinion.

　　>Some people believe that the development of a country benefits from the high-educated university students, while others think that large amount of young graduates only leads to high unemployment.

　　Discuss both views and give your opinion.

　　>Some people think that universities should provide practical knowledge rather than theoretical subjects.

　　To what extent do you agree or disagree?

　　>In the past, people used to live in the same place all their life. However, it is common that now people change their place to live several times during.

　　What are the reasons for this?

　　Is this a positive or negative development?

　　>Some people believe that children can learn effectively by watching TV and they should be encouraged to watch TV both at home and in school.

　　To what extent do you agree or disagree?

　　>Some people believe that using mobile phones and computers to communicate make them lose the ability to communicate with each other face to face.

　　To what extent do you agree or disagree?

　　备考建议

　　1. 重点记背话题词汇

　　2. 积累观点，并用积累过的单词、短语讲观点用完整句写作，进行观点句写作练习在线咨询

　　3. 尝试计时写作，小作文控制在15-20分钟内、大作文35-40分钟内完成

　　4. 写作完成后练习自我纠错检查，保证语法正确率

　　（听说在评论区许愿，9月雅思必分手）

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